Retail

How to Record a Clearance Sale Where Items Are Sold Below Cost

Recording end-of-season sales at prices below the inventory cost, resulting in a negative gross margin on the item.

Account NameTypeDebit ($)Credit ($)
Cash in HandAsset (+)34.80-
Cost of Goods SoldExpense (+)55.00-
Sales RevenueRevenue (+)-30.00
VAT Output Tax Payable (16%)Liability (+)-4.80
Merchandise InventoryAsset (-)-55.00

💡 Accountant's Note

When selling below cost, COGS exceeds revenue — a deliberate decision to recover partial value. If an NRV write-down was previously recorded, COGS would be at the written-down value.

Practitioner & Systems Framework

💻 ERP Architecture

If an NRV write-down was taken on this inventory in a prior period, COGS at time of sale is the written-down value (not the original cost) — the loss was already recognized. If no write-down was taken, the full original cost flows through COGS, and the sale below cost produces a visible negative margin on this item. Track clearance sales separately to measure recovery rate vs. original cost.

⚠️ Audit Flags

Under IAS 2, inventory should be written down to NRV before it is sold at a loss — if the sale price was known before period-end, a write-down should have been taken. Auditors look for clearance sales that occurred just after year-end at prices below cost — this suggests the NRV at year-end was below cost and a write-down was required. Selling below cost without prior write-down overstates the year-end inventory.

📄 Required Documentation

Clearance pricing approval (manager sign-off on the markdown), POS clearance sale record, COGS at original cost (or written-down value if previously written down), NRV assessment confirming write-down was or was not required before period-end, and clearance recovery rate report.

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Expert Analysis by Qusai Ahmad

General Accountant Supervisor & IFRS Specialist

Specialized in SAP GUI automation and Middle Eastern tax compliance. Building digital tools for the next generation of finance leaders.

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